Title Cikličko ponašanje uniformnog pijeska u dreniranim i nedreniranim uvjetima pri malim efektivnim naprezanjima
Title (english) Cyclic Behaviour of Uniform Sand Under Drained and Undrained Conditions at Low Confining Stress
Author Martina Turković
Mentor Vedran Jagodnik (mentor)
Committee member Željko Arbanas (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Josip Peranić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Vedran Jagodnik (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Civil Engineering Rijeka
Defense date and country 2021-11-16, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline TECHNICAL SCIENCES Civil Engineering Geotechnology
Abstract Definiranje cikličkih karakteristika bitan je dio istraživanja ponašanja tla, naročito kada je riječ o tlu podložnom likvefakciji na području čestih potresa. Slojevi pijeska koji se nalaze blizu površine terena obično su manje zbijenosti i pri manjem efektivnom naprezanju. Upravo zbog toga, veća je vjerojatnost od pojave likvefakcije. Osim zbog potresa, takva istraživanja mogu doprinijeti i projektima kao što su temeljenje vjetrenih turbina u moru, podmorski cjevovodi te analize stabilnosti kosina. Dinamička svojstva tla, kao što su svojstva naprezanja i deformacije, prepoznata su kao ključna u mnogim aspektima projektiranja. Postoji nekoliko vrsta geotehničkih inženjerskih problema povezanih s dinamičkim opterećenjem, a pomoću laboratorijskih ispitivanja moguće je napraviti reprodukciju stvarnih događaja s prilično velikom točnošću. Na taj se način mogu ustanoviti brojni parametri, fizikalne i mehaničke karakteristike tla te pomoću njih unaprijediti projektiranje i izvedbu građevina.
Određivanje cikličkog ponašanja uniformnog pijeska u dreniranim i nedreniranim uvjetima pri malim efektivnim naprezanjima tema je ovog rada. Ispitivanja su izvođena u dinamičkom troosnom uređaju na uzorcima pijeska s relativnom zbijenošću od 50%. Pokusi su provedeni s kontrolom deformacije u dreniranim i nedreniranim uvjetima za mala efektivna naprezanja (σ₀ = 10 kPa, σ₀ = 25 kPa i σ₀ = 50 kPa) i različite frekvencije (0.1, 0.2 i 0.5 Hz). U radu je dan prikaz dobivenih rezultata te usporedba s postojećom literaturom. Većina rezultata potvrđuje da se ispitani materijal ponaša u skladu s objavljenim radovima. Međutim, zbog rasapa podataka neki rezultati nisu upotrijebljeni u prikazima. Općenito, što su efektivna naprezanja manja, u kombinaciji s malim deformacijama, dobiva se veći rasap podataka. Na temelju obrađenih rezultata definirani su modeli cikličkog ponašanja pijeska pri malim efektivnim naprezanjima i različitim frekvencijama za trendovie povećanja normaliziranog pornog pritiska rᵤ i promjene volumena ϵᵥ,ₘₐₓ koristeći diskretne točke. Trend linije određene su primjenom modela nelinearnih najmanjih kvadrata.
Za kontrolou, ali i daljnje istraživanje malih efektivnih naprezanja potrebno je kalibrirati uređaj za troosno smicanje i/ili ispitati materijal u uređaju koji je pogodniji za pokuse pri malim naprezanjima i deformacijama, primjerice u uređaju za mjerenje rezonantnim stupcem.
Abstract (english) Defining cyclical characteristics is an essential part of soil behavior research. Especially when it comes to soil susceptible to liquefaction in the area
where frequent earthquakes occur. Sand layers located near the surface are
usually less compacted and have smaller overburden effective stress. For
this reason it is more likely for liquefaction to take place. Apart from earthquakes, such research can also contribute to projects such as offshore
wind turbine foundations, subsea pipelines and slope stability analysis.
Dynamic soil properties, such as stress and strain properties, have been recognized as crucial in many aspects of design. There are several types of
geotechnical engineering problems associated with dynamic loading, and
with the help of laboratory tests it is possible to make a reproduction of
real events with fairly high accuracy. In this way, numerous parameters,
physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil can be established and
used to improve the design and construction of buildings.
The subject of this paper is determining the cyclic behavior of uniform sand
in drained and undrained conditions at low effective stresses. The tests
were performed in a dynamic triaxial apparatus on sand samples with a
medium relative density (50%). The experiments were conducted using
strain-control test method in drained and undrained conditions for low effective stresses (σ₀ = 10 kPa, σ₀ = 25 kPa i σ₀ = 50 kPa) and different
frequencies (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 Hz). The paper presents the obtained results
and compares them with the existing literature. Most of the results confirm that the examined material behaves in accordance with the published
works. However, due to data scatter, some results were not used. In general, the lower the effective stresses, combined with smaller deformations,
the greater the data scatter. Based on the obtained results, models of cyclic
behavior of sand at low effective stresses and different frequencies were defined. The models were derived for trends of increasing normalized pore
pressure rᵤ and volume strain ϵᵥ,ₘₐₓ using discrete points. Trend lines were
determined using the nonlinear least squares model.
For verification, but also for further investigation of small effective stresses, it is necessary to calibrate the dynamic triaxial apparatus and/or test
the material in the device suitable for small effective stress and deformation experiments, for example the resonant column.
Keywords
uniformni pijesak
mala efektivna naprezanja
cikličke karakteristike
likvefakcija
dinamički troosni pokusi
nelinearni najmanji kvadrati
Keywords (english)
uniform sand
low effective stresses
cyclic characteristics
liquefaction
dynamic triaxial tests
nonlinear least squares
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:157:279598
Project Number: IP-2018-01-1503 Title: Fizičko modeliranje ponašanja konstrukcija za sanaciju klizišta u uvjetima statičkih i seizmičkih djelovanja Title: Physical modelling of landslide remediation constructions behaviour under static and seismic actions Acronym: ModLandRemSS Leader: Željko Arbanas Jurisdiction: Croatia Funder: HRZZ Funding stream: IP
Study programme Title: Civil Engineering; specializations in: Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Engineering Modelling, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Urban Engineering Course: Geotechnical Engineering Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka građevinarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka građevinarstva)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
Terms of use
Created on 2021-12-14 14:00:29