Abstract | Bitumenske mješavine imaju veliki značaj u današnjem građevinarstvu,
pogotovo u niskogradnji gdje se u najvećoj mjeri koriste za asfaltiranje cesta, pa
takve mješavine još nazivamo asfalti. Osim što se koriste u cestogradnji, tražene su
i kao hidroizolacije za različite elemente u građevini. Bitumen, koji je glavna
sastavnica mješavina, svojim kvalitetnim svojstvima poput nepropusnosti i dobre
prionljivosti, daje mješavinama visoku kvalitetu te prednost naspram drugih
materijala. Za pripremu bitumenskih mješavina, osim bitumena potreban je agregat,
kameno brašno koje još nazivamo punilo te, po potrebi, dodaci za poboljšanje
kvalitete mješavine. U bitumenskim se mješavinama najčešće koristi prirodni
agregat, koji mora biti čvrst i trajan. Radi provjere i potvrde kvalitete agregata
provode se ispitivanja Los Angeles metodom, određivanje granulometrijskog
sastava, otpornosti na polirnost i trošenje, te površinsku abraziju. Mješavine se
proizvode u asfaltnim bazama gdje se doziraju potrebni sastojci ovisno o
opterećenju koje buduća cesta mora preuzeti. Sve se odvija pod visokim
temperaturama; mješavina se transportira vruća te se takva i ugrađuje. Takav
uzorak se uzima za provedbu različitih ispitivanja u laboratoriju asfaltne baze kako
bi se utvrdila kvaliteta pripremljene mješavine, udio šupljina, gustoća mješavine,
te udio bitumena u mješavini. Sama mješavina se ugrađuje strojem koji se naziva
finišer, te se kasnije valjcima zbija. Na kraju se kontrolira ravnost izvedene trase te
se vrše ispitivanja na uzorku izbušenom nakon vezanja i sušenja mješavine. |
Abstract (english) | Bituminous mixtures are of great importance in today's construction,
especially in civil engineering, where they are mostly used for asphalting roads, so
such mixtures are also called asphalts. In addition to being used in road
construction, they are also in demand as waterproofing for various elements in
construction. Bitumen, which is the main component of mixtures, with its quality
properties such as impermeability and good adhesion, gives the mixtures high
quality and an advantage over other materials. For the preparation of bituminous
mixtures, in addition to bitumen, an aggregate, stone flour, also called filler, and, if
necessary, additives are needed to improve the quality of the mixture. In bituminous
mixtures, natural aggregate is most often used, which must be solid and durable. In
order to check and confirm the quality of the aggregate, Los Angeles tests,
determination of granulometric composition, resistance to polishing and wear, and
surface abrasion are carried out. Mixtures are produced in asphalt bases where the
necessary ingredients are dosed depending on the load that the future road must
take. Everything takes place under high temperatures; the mixture is transported hot
and installed as such. Such a sample is taken to perform various tests in the asphalt
base laboratory to determine the quality of the prepared mixture, the proportion of
cavities, the density of the mixture, and the proportion of bitumen in the mixture. The
mixture itself is installed with a machine called a finisher, and later compacted with
rollers. Finally, the flatness of the route is checked and tests are performed on a
sample drilled after setting and drying of the mixture. |