In this thesis, the key aspects of the photoelectric effect and the Compton effect, two important phenomena in the field of physics, and their significant applications in various industries and scientific fields will be investigated in detail. The paper begins with an introduction that contextualizes these two terms and announces the main topics covered in the paper. At the center of the research is the photoelectric effect, whose mechanism of electron emission is analyzed in detail, including experimental results. The paper also explores different interpretations of this phenomenon, including classical and quantum theory, with special emphasis on Einstein's contribution and the quantization of the electromagnetic radiation field. Furthermore, the paper explores a wide range of applications of the photoelectric effect, including photomultipliers, image sensors, photoelectronic spectroscopy, night vision devices, spacecraft and solar cells, thus illustrating the importance of this phenomenon in technological development. The history of the photoelectric effect is also thoroughly explored, following its development during the 19th and 20th centuries, highlighting its important role in the progress of modern physics. The Compton effect is another key phenomenon dealt with in the paper, which analyzes the theoretical explanation of this effect and its contemporary application in physics. It also explores how the photoelectric effect and the Compton effect are used in construction, with a particular focus on concrete artifacts, infrared thermography and their role in plumbing assessment, concrete condition, rebar tension testing and concrete void identification. The conclusion summarizes the key findings from these research, emphasizing the importance of the photoelectric and Compton effect in various applications, and the contribution of this work to a better understanding and application of these phenomena in scientific and industrial contexts, especially in construction.